Betta ~ Betta splendens

Bettas, or Siamese fighting fish, are among the most popular and visually striking freshwater fish, known for their vivid colors and flowing fins. Originally from the shallow rice paddies and slow-moving waters of Southeast Asia, these fish have evolved to thrive in environments with low oxygen levels, thanks to their labyrinth organ, which allows them to breathe air from the surface. While they are hardy, Bettas require specific care to ensure their health and longevity.

- Size: 2.5-3 inches  
- Lifespan: 3-5 years  
- Temperament: Solitary, can be aggressive toward other males or fin-nipping species  
- Group/Solitary: Best kept alone or with peaceful tankmates (females can be kept in groups in a sorority with care)  
- Food: Carnivorous, Betta pellets, live/frozen foods (bloodworms, brine shrimp)  
- Water Requirements: 76-82°F, pH 6.5-7.5, soft to moderately hard water

Bettas thrive in a tank of at least 3-5 gallons, with a heater to maintain the tropical temperature they need. While they are often marketed as low-maintenance fish that can survive in small bowls or jars, this practice can lead to stress and poor health over time. That said, a one-gallon tank can work with proper diligence. This includes ensuring the tank has live plants for biological filtration and enrichment, a bubble filter for gentle water movement and oxygenation, and frequent water changes to maintain water quality. A bubble filter is ideal as it creates minimal current, which is suitable for Bettas that do not appreciate strong water flow. 

A larger space allows Bettas to swim more freely and gives room for enrichment and decor like rocks and caves, which they use for exploring and hiding. They prefer tanks that replicate their natural habitat, with plenty of plants (real or artificial) and gentle lighting.

Bettas are carnivores and require a diet that provides them with high protein. Betta-specific pellets should make up the staple diet, but live or frozen treats like bloodworms and brine shrimp can be offered for variety and enrichment. Regular water changes and tank maintenance are essential for their well-being, as poor water quality can lead to fin rot and other health issues.

Fun Fact: Male Bettas build bubble nests at the water’s surface as part of their breeding behavior. These nests are where the male will care for fertilized eggs, displaying an interesting parental role uncommon among many fish species.